Repair 7

A valve guide is a cylindrical part used to make sure that a valve makes proper contact with a valve seat in a reciprocating engine.

Significance

Each poppet valve in a cylinder head has a valve guide. The valve guide works with the valve spring to make sure the valve stays straight and makes contact with the valve seat. The valve guide guide also conduct heat from the exhaust valve into the cylinder head.

Considerations

Both bronze and steel are used to make valve guides. These materials are used because theyre strong. When a valve guide wears out, the valve doesnt properly connect with the valve guide, which makes oil leaks appear.

Aircraft

Valve guides are commonly used in aircraft engines. In aircraft engines, the valve guides are a tube that flares on one end in a T shape.

The revolutionary, two-seater Smart car was developed in conjunction between watch-maker Swatch and Mercedes-Benz. The vehicle was first imported into the US in 2008. Unlike larger vehicles, the Smart only has one fuse block which is located on the drivers side below the dashboard. Unlike most other vehicles, the Smart doesnt have a fuse index on a panel covering, or adjacent to the fuse box. Follow some steps to troubleshoot this.

Instructions

1

Take a look at the fuse block and youll see five groups of fuses. The first batch marked "R1 through "R9" are the backup fuse slots for the ignition, battery and seat heating. The group of four below the "R" group are the 20 and 25 amp fuses for engine, wipers, power windows and blower. They are labeled "1" through "4."

2

Take a look at the other groups. The group below the 20 and 25 amp group are labeled "5" through "16." The group next to that is labeled "17" through "27." The group below is a group of four labeled "28" through "31." Nearby youll see a group of four labeled "32" through "35."

3

Refer to the Smart fuse block guide in the Smart Owners Manual for each fuses function. Youll see this on Page 190 (See Resources). For example, the fuse in Position "22" is a 7.5 Amp fuse for the left low-beam headlight. The guide lists the functions, color and amperage for each fuse on the block labeled "1" through "35."

EverStart batteries are sold at retail outlets nationwide. They are manufactured by Delphi or Exide and come in a variety of sizes to suit nearly every vehicle.

Cranking Amps

Cold cranking amps (CCA) is an important consideration when purchasing a battery. The CCA indicates the number of amps a battery can support for 30 seconds at 0 degrees Fahrenheit. If you live in a colder climate, get a battery with a high CCA.

Group Size

The owners manual for your vehicle will have specific guidelines for sizing the battery on your car, and will take into account space limitations and accessibility. Many vehicles can accommodate more than one size EverStart battery.

Reserve Capacity

Reserve capacity (RC) is the amount of energy stored in a battery used to power the electrical components in the vehicle in the event of alternator failure. As with cold cranking amps, the higher the number, the better.