Repair 7

There are two oxygen or O2 sensors in the exhaust system on the 1995 Chevy Astro van. The process of changing the O2 sensors is the same whether it is the upstream or downstream sensors that you need to change, except that the location is different. These O2 sensors are critical to the proper operation of the fuel system and performance of the engine in your van. If you have a bad sensor, change it right away to correct drivability issues, hard stats and poor fuel mileage.

Instructions

1

Raise the front of your Chevy Astro with a jack and support it under the frame rails with a set of jack stands. Remove the jack once the van is securely on the stands.

2

Locate the O2 sensors from under the van. The upstream sensor threads into the exhaust pipe coming down from the engine manifold. It is on the inside edge of the pipe, closest to the engine block. The downstream O2 sensor is in the exhaust system just forward of the catalytic converter.

3

Determine which sensor you need to change, and position yourself below it. Locate the wiring harness coming out of the back of the top of the sensor and follow it up to the connector where the sensors harness and the vans wiring harness join. Disconnect the two halves of the connector by releasing the locking tab and pulling them apart.

4

Remove the O2 sensor from the exhaust pipe using an O2 sensor socket and ratchet to turn the sensor counterclockwise until it is free from the threads. Discard the old sensor and install the new one into the threaded hole on the exhaust pipe using your hands to get it starter. This will help prevent cross threading.

5

Tighten the O2 sensor with your O2 sensor socket and ratchet. Run the wiring harness connector from the new sensor up to the connector on the vans wiring harness. Push the two halves of the connectors together until the locking tab engages. If you are replacing both sensors, move to the other sensor and repeat the process.

6

Raise the front of your Astro off the jack stands with a jack. Remove the stands from under the van then lower the jack, setting the van back on the ground. Test run the engine to verify the sensors are functioning properly.

The EGR sensor is an automotive engine component designed to work with an exhaust gas recirculation system. Exhaust gas recirculation systems are part of many newer makes of automobiles, which must comply to more stringent environmental standards. The EGR sensor detects temperature and oxygen levels and determines whether the system is functioning properly.

Benefits

An EGR system offers two primary benefits to an automobile engine. The primary benefit is a reduced level of environmentally damaging emissions. The second benefit is a more efficient use of fuel, leading to better energy efficiency and more thorough combustion.

How EGR Systems Improve Engine Systems

An automotive engine without an EGR system releases gaseous emissions with hydrocarbon waste that has not been fully consumed by the combustion process. An EGR system recycles this partially combusted waste gas back into the combustion system to be used a second time for an overall cleaner emission.

EGR Sensor Warning

An EGR sensor fault warning on the vehicles indicator panel can indicate either that the sensor itself is damaged or that the exhaust gas recirculation system is not functioning within factory designated parameters. The best way to tell the difference between the two potential problems is to take the vehicle in for maintenance and have the sensor replaced.

The Mazda RX-8 is a highly advanced vehicle that can cost a lot of money to maintain. Performing tune-ups and oil changes yourself can be very cost-effective and it will also teach you the ins and outs of the vehicle in case anything needs to be repaired. Tuning your engine takes time and patience, but the benefits far outweigh the negatives.

Instructions

Engine TuneUp Preparation

1

Place your gear selector in the Park (P) or Neutral (N) position.

2

Turn off all electrical accessories, such as the air conditioner and radio.

3

Press the gas to increase speed to 2,500 to 3,500 rpm and wait until the cooling fans turn on. The vehicle will be in park or neutral, so it will not move during this step.

4

Release the accelerator when the cooling fans turn on. Wait until the cooling fans stop running before continuing work.

5

Connect a diagnostic device (WDS) to the DLC-2. The DLC-2 is located underneath the steering column and to the left of the steering wheel near the pedals. It will look like a rectangular bay that has nothing plugged into it.

6

Check that the idling speed of the vehicle is at 760 to 860 rpm for an automatic transmission or 750 to 850 rpm for a manual transmission. The code on the diagnostic device that designates rpm should read "RPM PID."

Inspect the Ignition Timing

7

Connect the timing light to the front rotor housing. The front rotor housing is on the front of the engine facing toward the front bumper.

8

Turn on the "test mode" on the timing light. In order to enter the timing light into test mode, you must use the "Test Simulation" function.

9

Confirm the positions of the "Eccentric Shaft Plates". On the front of the motor, you should see that the front cover of the rotor housing has a white mark on it. The engine itself also has a white mark. The white marks should be lined up correctly.

10

Confirm the ignition is -5 degrees. Using the diagnostic device, you should find this under the "SPARK-L" section.

11

Turn the test mode off.

Inspect the Idling Speed

12

Turn on the "test mode" on the timing light. In order to enter the timing light into test mode, you must use the "Test Simulation" function.

13

Verify engine speed, using the RPM DATA function on the diagnostic device. Because you should have all loads turned off --- headlights, air conditioner, heat, defrosters --- turned off, the idling speed should be 760 to 860 rpm for an automatic transmission or 750 to 850 for a manual transmission.

14

Turn the "Test Mode" off.

Check That the Idle Mixture Is Within Regulation

15

Complete steps 1, 2, and 3.

16

Place the exhaust gas analyzer stick into the tailpipe.

17

Verify that the emissions level is up to EPA standards. The NOx level should be 0.07. tTe NMOG level should be 0.055, the CO level should be 2.1. The PM level should be 0.01, and the HCHO level should be 0.011.

The 1997 Mazda Protg has a single oxygen sensor threaded into the exhaust manifold. When the sensor fails, it will trigger the "Check Engine" light on your cars instrument panel, and your cars gas mileage will substantially decrease. If you want to avoid losing money at the gas pump, purchase a new sensor from an auto parts store and replace it at home.

Instructions

1

Raise the Protg with a jack and secure the car on jack stands. Locate the oxygen sensor threaded into the exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold is located beneath the intake at the base of the engine and is connected to the exhaust pipe. The oxygen sensor resembles a spark plug threaded into the manifold with an electrical wire connected to the top.

2

Pull the electrical connection apart to disconnect the wiring harness from the sensor. Remove the oxygen sensor from the manifold with a wrench.

3

Coat the new sensor threads with anti-seize compound. Insert the new sensor by hand. Tighten the sensor with the wrench. Push the electrical connection together until it locks.

4

Raise the car slightly with the jack. Remove the jack stands and lower the jack to return the car to the ground.

The 3.0-liter V-6 engine of the 1996 Nissan Maxima contains three oxygen sensors in the exhaust system. There are two upstream sensors in the front pipe just below the manifold flanges, and theres a third sensor down after the catalytic converter. Auto parts stores can determine which sensor has failed by reading the "check engine light" code the sensor has tripped. Most will perform this service for free in order to sell the parts to the customer.

Instructions

1

Apply the parking brake of the 1996 Nissan Maxima.

2

Hoist the front of the vehicle on one side with the car jack high enough to place a jack stand under the front frame rail. Repeat this for the other front side so the entire front axle of the car is elevated.

3

Put on the safety glasses. Locate the sensor being replaced by crawling under the vehicle. One sensor is located in the drivers side front pipe up near the manifold, another is in the shorter pipe (closer to the firewall) on the passengers side front pipe assembly, and the downstream sensor is located after the catalytic converter near the center of the undercarriage.

4

Disconnect the plug of the oxygen sensor from the plug of the harness.

5

Place the wire of the sensor through the opening of the 22-mm box-end wrench or in the slot of the O2 sensor tool. Place the wrench or tool onto the hex-head of the sensor.

6

Turn the wrench or tool (with a ratchet) to the left to remove it from the O2 sensor port. The sensors only have four to five threads, so once loosened, the sensor will quickly come out of the port.

7

Thread the replacement sensor into the port by hand. Tighten it with the wrench or tool and ratchet. Be caul not to overtighten the sensor. The threads are delicate and can be easily stripped. Tighten it snug only.

8

Connect the plug of the replacement sensor to the harness plug.

9

Collect the tools and other material from under the Maxima before lowering it to the ground.

Axle shafts are used on most non-commercial vehicles to allow the drive wheels of your vehicle to move in a circular manner. The shafts are located in your tires wheel well, near the differentials. They stretch across the bottom of the car, connecting two wheels together. Obtaining a measurement for an axle shaft is necessary when the axle shafts need to be replaced.

Instructions

1

Locate the axle shaft in your tire well. The axle shaft will have a large, grooved bearing near the center of your tire.

2

Place one end of the measuring tape at the edge of the grooved bearing of the axle shaft. Have someone hold the tape measure in place.

3

Extend the tape measure across the axle bearing until you reach the connected tire. Measure the length based on the distance from one tires grooved bearing to the other tires grooved bearing.

An L-pad is essentially a sliding rheostat used in audio setups, be it in your car or in your home audio setup. To calculate the resistance values in an L-pad, you need to test the individual resistors with a multimeter set to resistance. This will then tell you what the individual resistances are of the wires. You can then determine what the resistance value of the L-pad is by checking the setting of the the slide.

Instructions

1

Turnon the circuit with which you are working. Ensure that there is power flowing from the power source to the audio player by turning the multimeter dial tothe voltage setting. Plug the probes to the voltage holes on the face of the multimeter. Touch the red probe to the wire going into the L-pad and the black probe to the wire coming from the L-pad. If the multimeter displays a positive voltage, then you have a live current.

2

Slide the L-pad slide to the topmost setting. Turn the multimeter to the resistance setting and plug the probes into the resistance holes in the face of the multimeter. Put the red probe on one side of the resistor in the L-pad that is connected to the top setting contacts. Place the black probe on the other side of the resistor that is connected to the top settings contacts. Read the resistance value and write it down.

3

Slide the slide down to the next lower setting and place the robes on either side of the resistor connected to those contacts. Write down the resistance value. Repeat this process for all the resistors in the L-pad to obtain the resistance value of the L-pad.

The Ford F150 is a full size pickup truck manufactured by the Ford Motor Company for over six decades, with its 5.4-liter V8 engine known for reliability and durability. The exhaust manifold gasket is an important component of the engine as it prevents the toxic exhaust fumes from reaching the interior of your pickup, and it needs to be replaced if it fails. The installation of the new exhaust manifold gasket is a straightforward process that will take no more than four hours.

Instructions

1

Raise and support the vehicle on the hoist. On full wheel drive models, remove the front wheel opening molding. Remove the front fender splash shield.

2

Unscrew the bolt and disconnect the brake booster vacuum hose and bracket. Remove the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve-to-exhaust manifold tube. Disconnect the differential pressure feedback EGR sensor hoses. Detach the upper and lower EGR valve-to-exhaust manifold tube fittings.

3

Remove the nuts and the exhaust manifold. Remove and discard the old exhaust manifold gasket. Clean and inspect the exhaust manifold for damage and cracks.

4

Position the exhaust manifold gasket. Set in place the exhaust manifold and loosely install the nuts. Then tighten the nuts using the torque wrench. Apply 18 foot pounds of torque. Install the three-way catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold nuts. Connect the EGR valve-to-exhaust manifold tube. Tighten both fittings, starting at the top, in two stages. In the first stage hand tighten the fittings and then apply 30-44 foot pounds of torque.

5

Connect the differential pressure feedback EGR sensor hoses. Attach the brake booster vacuum hose, then bracket and tighten the nut, applying 89 inch pounds of torque. Install the front fender splash shield. On 4-by-4 vehicles, install the front wheel opening molding. Lower the vehicle.

The fourth generation of the 1500 series pickup truck appeared in 1988 and was manufactured until 2000 by Chevrolet. There were a total of eight different versions and cab variations of the 1500. They were powered by reliable V8 engines that required periodic service if parts like the intake manifold gasket would fail.

Instructions

Removal Procedure

1

Mark the relationship of the distributor housing and rotor for proper reassembly. Remove the distributor. Unplug the upper radiator hose at the thermostat housing. Remove the heater hose at the lower intake manifold. Remove the EGR valve and the coolant bypass hose.

2

Pull out the fuel supply and return lines from the rear part of the intake manifold. Unplug the wiring harness and brackets. Remove the throttle cable and bracket. Remove the cruise control cable.

3

Take out the transmission oil level indicator tube. Remove the EGR inlet tube, clamp and bolt. Remove the PCV valve and vacuum hoses. Unscrew the air conditioning compressor. Loosen the A/C compressor mounting bracket and slide forward, but do not remove it. Lay the A/C compressor out of the way. Do not kink the air conditioning lines.

4

Remove the power brake vacuum tube and the rocker arm cover. Remove the generator rear bracket bolt. Take out the intake manifold. Remove the old pieces of gasket from the gasket surfaces. Clean the excessive carbon buildup from inside the exhaust passages and the scale and deposits from the coolant passages. Inspect the manifold for cracks, broken flanges and gasket surface damage.

Installation Procedure

5

Position the new gaskets to the cylinder head with the port blocking plates facing the rear of the engine and "This Side Up" facing up. Install the lower intake manifold on the engine. Apply sealer to the lower intake manifold bolts. Put in the lower intake manifold bolts back in place. Tighten the bolts in three steps. In the first step apply 27 inch pounds of torque. In the second apply 106 inch pound of torque and in the last step tighten the bolts applying 11 foot pounds of torque.

6

Plug in the wiring harness connectors and brackets. Connect the upper radiator hose at the thermostat housing. Install the heater hose at the lower intake manifold. Connect the coolant bypass hose.

7

Install the EGR valve and the valve rocker arm cover. Connect the fuel supply and return lines at the rear of the intake manifold. Plug in the wiring harness and brackets. Install the cruise control cable (if equipped).

8

Install the throttle cable and bracket. Put back the transmission oil level indicator tube. Install the EGR inlet tube, clamp, and bolt. Connect the PCV valve and vacuum hoses. Install the power brake vacuum tube. Install the generator and the bracket bolt (if needed). Install the air conditioning compressor and bracket. Refer to Heating and Air Conditioning. Connect the distributor. Note the relationship of the distributor housing and rotor made at disassembly.

Chrysler uses its Jeep brand for its off-road and sport-utility vehicles. The 1988 Jeep models included the Cherokee, Comanche, Wagoneer, Grand Wagoneer and Wrangler. These vehicles came equipped with fuel injectors, which deliver the correct fuel-air mixture to the engine, at the correct timing. To access the fuel injectors in a 1988 Jeep, you will need to remove additional components. The procedure for replacing the fuel injectors is generally the same for all 1988-made Jeeps.

Instructions

1

Remove the cable from the negative battery terminal, using a socket wrench, to prevent the battery from generating sparks. Disconnect the air cleaner and its hose. Remove the upper and lower bonnets from the throttle body.

2

Press the tabs on the electrical wire for the fuel injector and pull the wire up to disconnect it from the fuel injector. Remove the screws from the retainer clip on the fuel injector, using a socket wrench, and detach the retainer clip from the fuel injector.

3

Grab the center collar of the fuel injector between the electrical terminals with a small pair of pliers. Rock the fuel injector gently back and forth while lifting it from the injector bore of the throttle body. Ensure that you do not twist the fuel injector while removing it. Discard all of the O-rings and the centering ring from the fuel injector.

4

Apply a coating of transmission fluid to the new O-rings and install them into the injector bore of the throttle body. Place the new centering ring on top of the upper O-ring. Align the fuel injectors locating ring, with its slot on the injector housing of the throttle body. Place the fuel injector into the injector bore of the throttle body and attach the retaining clip. Fasten the screws for the retainer clip, using a socket wrench.

5

Connect the electrical wiring for the fuel injector. Attach the upper and lower bonnets to the throttle body, using a socket wrench. Install the air cleaner and connect the air cleaner house. Attach the cable for the negative battery terminal.

The exhaust system on a vehicle is designed to carry the burned engine gases away from the car, according to www.autoeducation.com. If there is even one exhaust leak, these gases, which include poisonous carbon monoxide, can end up seeping into the passenger area. Exhaust leaks also affect the performance of the engine because the exhaust controls the emissions. This can lead to lower gas mileage and malfunctions with a vehicles computerized system. Thats why you need to find an exhaust leak as soon as possible.

Instructions

1

Park the vehicle on a level spot and set the emergency brake. Crawl underneath the vehicle with a trouble light and a wire brush. Position yourself so you can see the exhaust system. It runs from the tailpipe up to where it disappears into the engine compartment.

2

Move the trouble light slowly up and down the exhaust as you inspect it. Look for places where black carbon has built up. This can indicate theres a hole in the pipe. Scrape away the carbon with the wire brush and look for an exhaust leak.

3

Look for rusted areas on the exhaust pipe. Moisture, salt on the roadways, and other factors can cause rust to form. The rust eats through the metal and creates leaks. Clean rust spots with the wire brush and look for holes in the metal.

4

Inspect the exhaust pipe for dents, dings and other signs of damage. These areas may indicate places where the pipe was damaged. If you drove over debris in the roadway or across a bumpy railroad crossing, for example, (especially if the vehicle sits low), the exhaust may have gotten a hole in it.

5

Inspect the joints connecting the exhaust system together, according to www.basiccarrepair.com. These are common places for a leak to occur. Make sure they are tightened together and arent rusted, or are otherwise damaged.

6

Start the vehicle and raise the hood. Listen for hisses or popping noises, according to www.aa1car.com. Look for discolored or burned paint by the exhaust ports on the cylinder head. Check the sparkplug wires and the rubber boots for signs of heat damage caused by an exhaust leak.

Although not essential, all modern gasoline automobile engines depend on exhaust gas recirculation or EGR valves to reduce toxic nitrogen oxides from emissions. The removal of EGR valves, while long debated, has not been shown to have any performance benefits.

Function

Dangerous nitrogen oxide gases form when gasoline combustion chambers reach temperatures in excess of 2500 degrees Fahrenheit. To combat this, the EGR valve was introduced in 1973 by General Motors to recirculate exhaust gases into the combustion chamber, drastically reducing temperatures and the formation of nitrogen oxides. EGR valves do not function at idle or wide open throttle and generally increase fuel economy and performance.

Disconnecting the EGR Valve

For some, the benefit of more engine bay space is enough to make removing the EGR valve worthwhile. In order to do so without interferring with engine operation, the engines electronic control module (ECM) must be set to never activate the missing EGR. Additionally, an EGR plate must be installed to cover the hole in the intake manifold where the EGR valve was installed.

Considerations

On most cars a missing EGR valve will cause the vehicle to fail emissions testing because of a tripped check engine code and the presence of heightened levels of nitrogen oxides.

You can remove the airbags from your Chevy S-10 right from your garage. Although most people consider airbags to be an essential safety feature, some people per to have them removed to prevent freak accidents caused by the airbag deployment. Disengaging the airbags is a fairly easy procedure, but make sure you follow the steps properly to prevent injury.

Instructions

1

Pop up the hood of the S-10 and remove the battery cables from the battery terminal, using the socket wrench set. Wait 30 minutes for the residual charge to drain.

2

Consult your vehicle owners manual to find the fuse location for the airbags. Once found, open the fuse panel cover, which is located on the drivers side dashboard. Use the fuse puller to remove the appropriate fuses.

3

Look on the back of the steering wheel and find two screws that hold the airbag in place. Remove the screws with a screwdriver. Make sure to keep your face and body away from airbag as you do this.

4

Remove the airbag caully from the middle of the steering wheel and cut the wires with wire cutters.

5

Store the airbag in a safe location away from kids and pets.

6

Open the glove box and remove the straps that hold it open. Unscrew the glove box and pull it out of the dashboard. Caully unbolt the airbag with the socket wrench. Unhook the power cable on the back of the airbag. Keep your body away from the airbag. Remove the airbag from the compartment.

7

Put the glove box back, screw it in and reattach the straps. Close the glove box.

8

Put the airbag fuses back in the fuse panel and close the fuse panel cover. Reconnect the battery cables.

Chrysler manufactures a number of off-road vehicles under its Jeep marque, with the Wrangler being the most popular of these models. The 1989 Jeep Wrangler represents the first generation of the Jeep Wrangler, which was produced from 1987 to 1996. These vehicles were available with several different engines, all of which used fuel injection. The fuel injectors in a 1989 Jeep deliver fuel and air to the engine and are located on top of the engine.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the negative battery cable with the socket wrench. This will prevent the battery from producing sparks while you replace the fuel injector. Remove the air cleaner and its hose from the vehicle as an assembly. Remove the bonnets from the throttle body with a socket wrench.

2

Press the tabs on the wire for the fuel injector while pulling the wire up to detach it from the fuel injector. Disconnect the screws for the retainer clip on the fuel injector with a socket wrench. Remove the retainer clip from the fuel injector.

3

Grab the center collar of the fuel injector with a pair of small pliers. Remove the fuel injector by lifting and rocking the collar gently with the pliers without twisting the fuel injector. Discard both O-rings and the centering ring for the fuel injector.

4

Lubricate the new O-rings for the fuel injector with transmission fluid. Install them into the bore of the fuel injector and place the new centering ring on top of the upper O-ring. Install the fuel injector and attach the retaining clip. Fasten the screws for the retainer clip with a socket wrench.

5

Attach the electrical connector for the fuel injector and install the bonnets with a socket wrench. Install the air cleaner assembly and connect the cable for the batterys negative terminal.

General Motors manufactured its LT1 engine from 1992 to 1997. This eight-cylinder 5.7-liter engine is in a variety of vehicles from General Motors such as the Chevrolet Camaro. The water pump in an LT1 engine cools the cylinder heads first before flowing around the rest of the engine. This allows the engine to run at a higher compression ratio, but also makes a faulty water pump more harmful to the engine.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the electrical wiring from the cooling fan. Remove the right cooling fan assembly with a socket wrench. Remove the left cooling fan assembly if your vehicle was made from 1996 to 1998.

2

Place a suitable container under the radiator. Remove the drain plug and knock sensor with a socket wrench. Drain the coolant from the radiator. Install the knock sensor and drain plug.

3

Remove the air cleaner and air intake duct with a socket wrench. Disconnect the upper and lower radiator hose from the water pump. Remove the heater hose from the water pump and throttle body.

4

Disconnect the electrical wiring from the coolant sensor. Loosen the retainers for the ignition coil bracket, and move the ignition coil out of your way. Remove the air pump bracket and disconnect the air pump, if necessary.

5

Unfasten the water pump mounting bolts with a socket wrench. Detach the water pump and discard its gasket.

6

Mount the new gasket to the new water pump and install the water pump. Torque the water pump mounting bolts to between 30 and 32 foot-pounds. with a torque wrench. Install the air pump if you removed it in Step 4.

7

Fasten the ignition coil bracket with a socket wrench, and attach the electrical wiring for the coolant sensor. Connect the heater hoses to the throttle body and water pump. Attach the radiator hoses to the water pump.

8

Install the air cleaner and air intake duct with a socket wrench. Replace the cooling fans that you removed in Step 1, and connect their electrical wiring. Fill the radiator with coolant.

9

Attach the cable to the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Start the engine and check for coolant leaks.

A tune up ers to preventive maintenance that focuses on the cars engine. At the most basic level, a tuneup is replacing specific parts in a specific time frame.

What is a tune up?

A tune up will always replace: spark plugs, fuel filter, spark plug wires, ignition rotor and distributor cap (if the car is so equipped). Additionally, the throttle bore and throttle plate should be cleaned and adjusted. Performing this maintenance keeps clean air and fuel moving into the engine, in addition to ensuring that the spark plugs ignite the fuel at optimal levels.

When do I perform a tune up?

It depends on how your car is equipped. Platinum tipped spark plugs can last up to 100,000 miles. Cheaper plugs may last only 30,000 miles.

Can I do this myself?

There are many guide books and websites that can teach you to perform your own tune ups. A tune up is about as simple as modern car maintenance can get. A tune up is also fairly cheap to have done at a reputable auto shop. Doing your own tune up depends on your individual comfort level.

General Motors made an eight-cylinder 6.2 L diesel engine from 1982 until 1993. It was an optional engine that was most common on larger pickup trucks. The fuel injectors for this engine are on top of the engine, and each injector sends fuel to a cylinder in a specific sequence. The majority of the work of installing a fuel injector in a 6.2 L engine is removing the fuel lines so you can remove the old fuel injector.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the negative battery cable with a socket wrench to prevent anyone from starting the engine during the procedure. Remove the clip on the fuel return line, and detach the fuel return line from the fuel injectors.

2

Remove the air cleaner bracket from the valve cover with a socket wrench. Disconnect the crankcase ventilator bracket. Detach the fuel lines from the secondary fuel filter adapter and disconnect the secondary filter adapter. Release the clamp on the vacuum pump and move the pump aside to access the bolts for the intake manifold. Disconnect the intake manifold bolts and remove the intake manifold from the engine.

3

Cover the engine with GM part no. J-29664-1 to protect the open engine from debris. Disconnect the clips on the fuel injector lines from the loom brackets. Remove the fuel injector lines from the injector nozzles and place caps over the nozzles.

4

Detach the injector lines from the injector pump. Plug the open ends of the fuel lines with clean cloth to prevent contamination of the fuel lines.

5

Remove the fuel injector from the engine by turning the 30 mm hex portion of the fuel injector counterclockwise with GM special tool J-29873. Discard the gasket for the fuel injector.

6

Install a new fuel injector and gasket by turning the 30 mm hex portion of the injector clockwise with GM special tool J-29873. Tighten the injector to 50 foot-pounds with the special tool and a torque wrench.

7

Remove the cloth from the ends of the fuel lines and connect the fuel lines to the injectors. Tighten the retaining nut for the fuel line to 20 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Complete the installation of the fuel injector by performing Steps 1 through 3 in reverse sequence.

Modern gasoline powered internal combustion engines operate by using a spark plug to detonate a fuel/air mixture in the cylinders. However, the 12 volt system that most vehicles use doesnt provide enough energy to create a sufficient charge to power the spark plug. Theore, an ignition coil is required to transform the 12 volt charge into a charge of up to 30,000 volts or more. If the vehicle begins to lose power or run badly, one possible cause is a faulty coil.

Instructions

1

Use a 4mm allen wrench to remove the four bolts securing the engine cover to the engine.

2

Use a socket wrench and 8mm socket to remove the two bolts that secure the coil pack to the engine.

3

Pull the coil off the spark plug by pulling it straight off, using a twisting motion.

4

Disconnect the wire from the coil by pushing in on the green tab on the coil, and then pulling the wire off the coil pack.

When an automobiles power windows wont go up and down, several things could be the cause. A faulty switch or bad wiring are two examples. The electric window motor should also have a close look taken at it when power window problems begin to surface.

Assessment

An electric window motor can be tested to see if its the reason a vehicles window wont go up and down. A fused jumper wire can function to send power past the switch and right to the window motor. If the motor doesnt respond, it will need to be replaced.

Repair

Using a voltmeter allows you to verify power is traveling from the fuse box to the switch, and from the switch to the window motor. Loose connectors can prevent voltage from reaching the motor and will have to be tightened.

Replacement

Because the interior door panel has to be taken off to reach an electric window motor, replacing them can be considered tricky on some types of vehicles. After removing the door panel, now the rivets holding the window motor in place will have to be taken out using a drill. The replacement motor will have its own rivet set for installation.

Losing your car keys is never a great way to start your day, especially if youre without a spare car key. Fortunately, replacing your car keys is not a difficult process. If your car is an older model, the process is simpler than replacing keys on newer model cars with special transponder keys. To replace your keys you will need to contact your car dealerships service department to order a new key.

Instructions

1

Locate and make note of the vehicle identification number (VIN) on your car. If your car is a late model vehicle, having the VIN is imperative to have as it provides the key code to your specific car. The person cutting your new keys will need this code to cut them correctly for your cars ignition.

2

Contact a locksmith or your vehicle dealership to order a new key. A locksmith who works with car keys can help you if your car is an earlier model. If you have a late model vehicle with a transponder key -- a keyless entry system -- youll have to contact your car dealership. These keys are only available through authorized dealerships for security reasons.

3

Pick up your new key. Depending on your dealers inventory, your key might be in stock or your key might have to be ordered. Your dealership will program your new keys for you.