Repair 7

If the headlights on your Pontiac Grand Am are malfunctioning, they should be fixed immediately. Malfunctioning headlights reduce road visibility and make it difficult for other drivers to see your vehicle on the road in darkened conditions. Troubleshooting the headlights on your Grand Am is a simple process that involves checking the wiring, checking the bulb, and checking the fuse of your headlights.

Instructions

1

Open the hood of the Grand Am. Remove the keys from the ignition.

2

Lift up on the two retaining clips securing the headlamp assembly.

3

Pull the headlamp assembly out of the mounting bracket. This will reveal the electrical connector. Lightly tug on the electrical connector. If it comes out, plug it into the rear of the headlamp assembly. Make sure it is secure by lightly tugging it again. If the headlights are still malfunctioning, there may be an issue with the bulb. Disconnect the electrical connector and completely remove the headlamp assembly out of the vehicle.

4

Rotate the bulb assembly retainer counterclockwise and pull it out.

5

Unclip the bulb assembly from the wiring harness. Remove the old bulb and place the new bulb into the assembly.

6

Reattach the wiring harness to the bulb assembly. Place the bulb assembly back into the headlamp assembly and rotate it clockwise to lock it into place. Reattach the electrical connector.

7

Place the headlamp assembly back into the mount bracket. Press down on the two retaining clips to lock the headlamp assembly into place. Repeat on the other side headlamp if necessary. If the headlights are still not turning on, then there may be an issue with the headlamp fuses.

8

Open the underhood fuse block on the drivers side of the vehicle. Simply lift the cover on the fuse block to access the fuses. Underneath the cover is a fuse puller tool and several replacement fuses.

9

Locate the fuses numbered "50" and "51." "50" is the right-hand headlamp fuse and "51" is the left-hand headlamp fuse. Check to see if the fuses are broken. A fuse is broken if the metal inside the fuse is no longer in one piece. If either fuse is broken, use the provided fuse puller tool to remove the fuse. Replace it with an identical 15 amp fuse.

10

Place the cover back onto the fuse block. Close the hood.

You can reset the airbag or SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) computer on your 1996 Dodge Caravan right from your home garage, saving yourself time and money. The On-Board Diagnostics computer stores trouble codes from sensors positioned throughout the vehicle. The Caravan alerts you to an airbag malfunction by illuminating the SRS light on the instrument panel. If you see this light, stop the vehicle and have it towed to your mechanic.



Once the airbag has been examined and replaced, you can reset the computer using a diagnostic reset tool. This is a small hand-held device sold at all auto parts retailers.

Instructions

1

Locate the fuse panel cover under the steering column. Open the cover by turning the knob and pulling down.

2

Find the open port in the fuse panel that is the same size and shape as the diagnostic reset tool connector end. Plug this tool into the port.

3

Put the key into the ignition and turn it to the "II" position but dont start the engine. Wait for the light to stop blinking on the reset tool. Once it has stopped flashing, the airbag computer will be reset.

The Isuzu Rodeo is a pickup truck manufactured from 1988 to 2002. A common engine for the 2001 model is a four-cylinder, 2.2-liter engine with a double overhead camshaft (See Reference 1) (See Reference 2) . This engine requires a timing belt to keep the crankshaft and camshaft synchronized. The most important part of replacing the timing belt is ensuring that you keep the crankshaft and camshaft in the correct position during the procedure.

Instructions

Removal

1

Disconnect the negative battery cable with a socket wrench to ensure you dont inadvertently start the engine.

2

Turn the drive belt adjuster clockwise with a box-end wrench to relieve the tension on the the drive belt. Remove the drive belt.

3

Detach the electrical connectors from the chassis wiring harness in the left rear quadrant of the engine compartment.

4

Disconnect the bolts that attach the crankshaft pulley to the crankshaft with a socket wrench, and remove the pulley.

5

Remove the retaining nut that attaches the engine harness cover to the front of the engine, and detach the cover.

6

Remove the cover for the timing belt with a socket wrench. Rotate the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks on the crankshaft with the timing marks on the crankshaft housing.

7

Disconnect the adjusting bolt for the timing belt tensioner and remove the tensioner from the engine. Detach the timing belt from the crankshaft and camshaft.

Installation

8

Connect the timing belt tensioner and tighten the adjusting bolt by hand. Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align its timing marks if necessary.

9

Place a "J-43037" tool between the intake sprocket and exhaust sprocket of the camshaft to hold the camshaft in place while you install the timing belt.

10

Install the new timing belt while keeping the tension side of the belt taut. Turn the adjusting lever on the timing belt tensioner clockwise until the pointer on the tensioner moves to the center of the "V" notch on the tensioner housing.

11

Tighten the adjuster bolt for the timing belt tensioner to 18 ft. lbs. with a torque wrench.

12

Replace the front cover for the timing belt and tighten its mounting bolts to 53 in. lbs. with a torque wrench. Attach the electrical connectors for the engine harness. Connect the crankshaft pulley and torque its mounting bolts to 14 ft. lbs.

13

Install the drive belt and turn the drive belt adjuster counterclockwise to apply tension to the drive belt. Attach the cable to the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench.

Volkswagen uses a camshaft position sensor on the 2002 Passat sedan to relay information about the camshaft position and engine speed to the electronic control module to determine ignition timing and fuel injection synchronization. Located on the cylinder head behind the upper timing belt cover on the 1.8-liter engine, the sensor is accessible for removal and replacement. Replace the sensor using basic hand tools.

Instructions

1

Locate the cam position sensor electrical connector on the timing belt cover just to the left of center of the engine. Unlock the connector retaining tab and pull the connector off the sensor.

2

Unlock the upper timing belt cover retainer clip at the top-right corner of the cover. Pull the top of the cover away from the engine slightly and disengage the upper cover from the tab in the lower cover. Lift the upper cover straight up and out of the engine compartment.

3

Remove the two camshaft sensor retaining bolts using a ratchet and socket. Pull the old sensor off the engine.

4

Make certain the tab on the faceplate on the end of the camshaft is properly indexed in its detent. Install the new sensor on the engine. Install the two sensor retaining bolts and torque them to 88 inch-pounds using an inch-pound torque wrench and socket.

5

Position the upper timing belt cover on the engine. Engage the tab in the lower timing belt cover with the slot in the upper timing belt cover. Snap the upper cover into place. Install the camshaft sensor electrical connector and ensure the retainer locks in place.

When the oil pressure starts to drop in a diesel engine, problems set in. First, the oil is not fully spread across the engine, which contributes to further problems. Shaft bearings start to wear as a result, including the camshaft. Piston rings start to wear, leading to excessive oil burning. Overall, a snowball effect takes place, leading to eventual engine destruction. When the oil pressure goes low, all additives claim to "fix" the problem instantly. Correctly fixing the problem, however, involves extensive diagnosis, including analyzing the oil pump closely.

False Claims

Low oil pressure in a diesel engine indicates something is seriously wrong. Trying to use additives to correct low oil pressure is like putting a band aid on a broken leg. Some additive makers have been known to make false claims of correcting engine problems. For example, the Federal Trade Commission in 2001 brought charges against Zmax oil additive for deceptive advertising.

True Causes

The true causes of low oil pressure in a diesel engine are serious. First, check the oil level and type of oil you are using. The oil should be rated for diesel engines, and the proper viscosity must be used. The service department of the dealership that sells your make and model of vehicle can help you choose the right oil. If you are using the right oil, the next step is to suspect a faulty oil pump. Furthermore, Machinery Lubrication Magazine states that diesel fuel dilution causes low pressure at startup. A qualified diesel technician can assist you in diagnosing and correcting the problem.

Simple Cures

If the oil pressure is a little low, try some simple fixes. Using a thicker viscosity of oil might help. For example, suppose the manufacturer calls for using 5W-20 to 20W-30 for the oil weight. If you use 20W-30, this is slightly thicker. You are still staying within the recommended guidelines, but are using oil at the upper range of the recommended thickness scale. If you suspect fuel dilution, drain and change the oil and oil filter. This will get rid of the thinned out oil. You oil pump may be sensitive to changes like this, and perhaps the problem will self correct.

Steps To Take

Try the easy solutions first. If the oil pressure is just starting to go low, you may have to change the oil more often to overcome fuel dilution. Try to start your engine less frequently, as the experts state this leads to fuel dilution, particularly in cold weather. If the simple solutions do not resolve the problem, then professional expertise is needed to diagnose the root cause of the problem. Additives claim to correct problems, but these claims should be looked upon with skepticism.

Nissan introduced the first-ever compact pickup truck to the U.S. market in 1958, back when Nissans were still known as Datsuns. Nissan redesigned its pickup truck several times, giving it a complete makeover in 1986. While several trims of the vehicle were available, Nissan generally erred to its compact pickup simply as the Nissan Pickup until they discontinued production of it in 1997. The mid-sized Frontier replaced the Pickup in 1998, and Nissan introduced the full-size Titan pickup truck in 2004.

General Alignment Information

The Nissan offered its 1995 Pickup in a variety of two-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive trims, but all two-wheel-drive trims had the same alignment specs, as did all four-wheel-drive trims. The caster, camber, toe and steering axis inclination (SAI) are all adjustable on the front end of all trims of the 1995 Nissan pickup. The caster is the angle of a vehicles steering pivot, as it is viewed from the side of the vehicle. The camber is the angle that the wheel tilts when viewed from the front of the vehicle. If it tilts out at the top, the camber is positive. If it tilts in at the top, it is negative. The toe is the measurement of a wheels angle in relation to the center line of the vehicle. On most vehicles, the front wheels are intended to point slightly toward each other. The SAI is the measurement of the angle of the steering pivot when viewed from the front of the vehicle. All measurements are given in degrees.

Alignment Specs for the 1995 2WD Pickup

The caster angle on the front end of the 1995 two-wheel-drive Nissan Pickup should fall between +0.37 degree and +0.5 degree, with a cross tolerance of +0.75 degree. The camber angle should fall between +0.42 degree and +0.50 degree, with a cross tolerance of +0.75 degree. The toe-in should be between +0.8 degree and +0.25 degree. The SAI can range from +0.5 degree to +9.1 degrees. The alignment was not adjustable on the rear end of two-wheel-drive trims of the 1995 Nissan Pickup because it came with a fixed rear axle.

Alignment Specs for the 1995 4WD Nissan Pickup

The caster angle on the front end of the 1995 four-wheel-drive Nissan Pickup should fall between +0.50 degree and +1.3 degrees, with a cross tolerance of +0.75 degree. The camber angle should fall between +0.50 degree and +0.67 degree, with a cross tolerance of +0.75 degree. The toe-in should be between +0.8 degree and +0.32 degree. The SAI can range from +0.5 degree to +8.1 degrees. As with the two-wheel-drive trims, the four-wheel-drive trims of the 1995 Nissan Pickup truck came with a fixed rear axle and the alignment was not adjustable on the rear end.

The 1997 Mazda Protg has a single oxygen sensor threaded into the exhaust manifold. When the sensor fails, it will trigger the "Check Engine" light on your cars instrument panel, and your cars gas mileage will substantially decrease. If you want to avoid losing money at the gas pump, purchase a new sensor from an auto parts store and replace it at home.

Instructions

1

Raise the Protg with a jack and secure the car on jack stands. Locate the oxygen sensor threaded into the exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold is located beneath the intake at the base of the engine and is connected to the exhaust pipe. The oxygen sensor resembles a spark plug threaded into the manifold with an electrical wire connected to the top.

2

Pull the electrical connection apart to disconnect the wiring harness from the sensor. Remove the oxygen sensor from the manifold with a wrench.

3

Coat the new sensor threads with anti-seize compound. Insert the new sensor by hand. Tighten the sensor with the wrench. Push the electrical connection together until it locks.

4

Raise the car slightly with the jack. Remove the jack stands and lower the jack to return the car to the ground.

Vehicle manufacturers often recommend that their vehicles be taken back to the dealership for service and parts, in order to make certain all work is done properly and in accordance to any warranty specifications. Taking your Duramax diesel truck back to GM for service also improves its trade-in and re-sale value because you will have a documented service record proving the quality of care your vehicle has had during its time with you. There are several things you can do to maximize the service you get when you take your diesel truck to GM for service.

Qualifications

Before you take your Duramax diesel to the dealership for servicing, you need to talk to the dealerships service department and make certain that they have a certified Duramax diesel mechanic on staff to work on your trucks engine. Many dealerships and mechanic shops will hire uncertified technicians to do a lot of the minor repair jobs, but if you want the best quality work, you need to make sure everyone who will be touching your vehicle has been officially certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE). Uncertified mechanics may not have had the proper training or developed the skills they need to perform proper repairs on your vehicle. Improperly done repairs can lead to a number of different headaches down the road.

If your nearest GM dealership does not have an ASE or certified diesel mechanic on staff and available to work on your truck, find a different dealership to take your vehicle to. Make sure to document your request for a certified mechanic in the paperwork when you drop your truck off.

Documentation

Document every communication between yourself and the dealership in writing. When you bring your vehicle in for service, provide the mechanics with a list of problems that you are experiencing to make sure that they are aware of all problems and none will be forgotten during the repair process. Make sure you get a list of every part that was adjusted or changed on your vehicle, as well as information about replacement warranties. Most replacement auto parts come with some form of warranty. If you believe the repair on your vehicle should fall under warranty, read your warranty and bring a copy of it with you when you take your vehicle in for servicing.

Educate Yourself

The best protection for any diesel truck owner who is bringing a vehicle in for repairs is a solid understanding of how the engine, in this case the Duramax, works and what needs to be repaired. Read your owner manual and any recall information to keep tabs on potential problems.

A strong understanding of the problem and solution will make you an educated consumer. Being well educated about your truck means you will be able to understand what your mechanic is telling you is wrong with the vehicle as well as the benefits and potential ramifications of repairs. Do not be afraid to ask your mechanic plenty of questions until you can thoroughly grasp the problem.

Being well educated about your truck will also help you avoid unnecessary work that the dealership may promote in order to increase their profit margin.

The UK Mercruiser engine is a marine engine that comes in sizes ranging from 3.0 to 5.7 and bigger. The front engine accessories on the Mercruiser engine are controlled by a drive belt. When the engine is running, the drive belt is driven around each engine accessory by the crankshaft pulley on the bottom of the engine. Excessive use and heat exposure can cause the belt to weaken. Once the belt weakens, it can fray or crack. Change the belt out at the first sign of any damage to prevent the engine from shutting down.

Instructions

1

Unbolt the cover from the top of the UK Mercruiser engine with a ratchet and a socket. Pull the cover off so that the front of the engine can be accessed.

2

Locate the alternator on the front right hand side of the engine. Loosen the alternator mounting bolts with a ratchet and a socket. The alternator has a slide bracket attached to the top of the alternator that tensions the drive belt.

3

Loosen the bolt in the center of the slide bracket with the ratchet and a socket. Turn the adjustment bolt that is located on the end of the slide bracket counter-clockwise with the ratchet and socket until the belt tension is loose.

4

Pull the belt off of all of the engine accessory pulleys. Place the belt to the side. Slide the new drive belt around the alternator pulley first and then around the water pump pulley, power steering pump pulley and the crankshaft pulley. The belt will only fit in one direction around the engine accessories so there is no need for a routing diagram.

5

Turn the adjustment bolt on the alternator slide bracket clockwise to tighten the belt. Once the belt is tight, push in on the belt with your hand. The belt should have no more than a half-inch of free play. If so, continue to tighten the belt until there is only about a half-inch of free play in the belt. Tighten the bolt in the center of the slide bracket down tight with the ratchet and socket. Tighten the alternator mounting bolts down tight with the ratchet and socket.

6

Crank the UK Mercruiser engine for about fifteen seconds and then shut the engine back off. Recheck the tension of the belt. Adjust the tension if needed and reinstall the cover over the engine.

The 3.0-liter V-6 engine of the 1996 Nissan Maxima contains three oxygen sensors in the exhaust system. There are two upstream sensors in the front pipe just below the manifold flanges, and theres a third sensor down after the catalytic converter. Auto parts stores can determine which sensor has failed by reading the "check engine light" code the sensor has tripped. Most will perform this service for free in order to sell the parts to the customer.

Instructions

1

Apply the parking brake of the 1996 Nissan Maxima.

2

Hoist the front of the vehicle on one side with the car jack high enough to place a jack stand under the front frame rail. Repeat this for the other front side so the entire front axle of the car is elevated.

3

Put on the safety glasses. Locate the sensor being replaced by crawling under the vehicle. One sensor is located in the drivers side front pipe up near the manifold, another is in the shorter pipe (closer to the firewall) on the passengers side front pipe assembly, and the downstream sensor is located after the catalytic converter near the center of the undercarriage.

4

Disconnect the plug of the oxygen sensor from the plug of the harness.

5

Place the wire of the sensor through the opening of the 22-mm box-end wrench or in the slot of the O2 sensor tool. Place the wrench or tool onto the hex-head of the sensor.

6

Turn the wrench or tool (with a ratchet) to the left to remove it from the O2 sensor port. The sensors only have four to five threads, so once loosened, the sensor will quickly come out of the port.

7

Thread the replacement sensor into the port by hand. Tighten it with the wrench or tool and ratchet. Be caul not to overtighten the sensor. The threads are delicate and can be easily stripped. Tighten it snug only.

8

Connect the plug of the replacement sensor to the harness plug.

9

Collect the tools and other material from under the Maxima before lowering it to the ground.

For 2000 Ford F-250 trucks, the horns are mounted behind the radiator grille. Removing the horns requires detaching one retaining bolt. An electrical connector also links the horns themselves to the horn pad inside the vehicle.

Replacement

Generally, car horns are not off-the-shelf items. To obtain a replacement, a F-250 owner would need to order through a dealership or an online retailer. The mechanical replacement process should only take a few minutes. Once the F-250s hood is opened, the horn can be located behind the grille. After the wiring is disconnected, only one bolt needs removal.

The Steering Wheel

The F-250s horn can be sounded by pressing a component on the steering wheel. The horn also has components within the steering wheel, and getting to them requires partially dismantling the steering wheel itself. The horns electrical connections and wiring are near the airbag module. For reasons of safety, the F-250s airbag system should be disarmed before attempting to dismantle the steering wheel.

Disarming the Air Bags

Disarming the F-250s air bag system requires opening the trucks hood. Remove the negative cable from the batterys negative terminal. Then, remove the positive cable from the positive terminal. Wait five minutes or more. The F-250 will have residual power within the vehicle. It needs to drain out or the air bags could still deploy.

The catalytic converter regulates and reduces pollutants within the vehicles exhaust. Vehicles are required by law to have them, so you need to replace them if they are no longer working. On a current Chevy Silverado, the catalytic converters are welded to the front exhaust pipe assembly, so replacing a catalytic converter means replacing the entire front exhaust pipe assembly. This process can differ on older models (specifically ones made prior to 2007), so check with your mechanic.

Instructions

1

Raise the truck and support it on jack stands.

2

Disconnect the electrical connectors for the converters upstream and downstream oxygen sensors. Unscrew and remove the sensors using an oxygen sensor socket.

3

Unscrew and remove the three nuts that are on the upper-left and right flanges connecting the front exhaust pipe assembly to the exhaust manifolds flanges using a wrench. Remove the nuts for the rear flange of the front exhaust and remove the front exhaust pipe.

4

Install new flange gaskets onto the three mounting flanges of the replacement exhaust pipe (which will include the replacement converters).

5

Coat the threads on the mounting nuts and bolts with anti-seize compound. This includes the threads on the oxygen sensors.

6

Install the exhaust pipe system and securely tighten the nuts and bolts for the three flanges connecting it to the manifold and the rest of the exhaust system.

7

Connect the upstream and downstream oxygen sensors to the front exhaust pipe using the same socket as before.

The common engine in the Chevy Cavalier is the 2.2 liter four cylinder. A few models have a 2.4 liter engine. Both engines use two oxygen sensors. Oxygen sensors read the amount of air and burned fuels in the exhaust system and transmit that data to the engine management computer through voltage. The computer then adjusts the ratio of air and fuel to lower the pollution in exhaust. When the sensor fails in the Cavalier, the computer ignores it and makes its own adjustments, which can cause more pollution, less gas mileage or both.

Instructions

1

Locate the oxygen sensor that needs replacing. If youre replacing the front one (upstream), you can access it in the engine compartment by lifting the hood. If you are replacing the rear sensor (downstream), youll need to lift the Cavaliers front end with the floor jack and support it safely and securely onto the jack stands. The front sensor is located in the front lower center of the engine and screwed into the header pipe. The rear sensor is located in the exhaust pipe near the catalytic converter. Put on safety glasses if you crawl under the Cavalier.

2

Locate the wire harness to the oxygen sensor. Use the flathead screwdriver to press in on the clip lock of the plug on the oxygen sensor wire and separate it from the wire harness.

3

Spray a liberal amount of penetrating oil on the threads of the oxygen sensor and allow the oil to soak in.

4

Place the box end wrench or socket onto the oxygen sensor and turn it counterclockwise to unthread it from the exhaust pipe. Remove the sensor.

5

Thread the new sensor into the oxygen sensor porthole in the exhaust pipe and tighten using the wrench or socket and a ratchet. Do not overtighten. Make sure its snug, but it is easy to strip the threads on the oxygen sensor so be caul.

6

Plug the oxygen sensor wire back into the wire harness and secure the wire so it does not dangle.

7

Remove the tools and either lower the vehicle or close the hood.

Knowing how to safely lift any vehicle and support it onto jack stands is important, no matter what make or model the vehicle is. The Ford Taurus is no exception. If lifting one axle on the Taurus (front or rear), a single set of jack stands will be required. If lifting both axles, you will need two sets of stands. In addition, while the factory-supplied scissor jacks for emergency roadside repair will safely lift the Taurus, a better and safer option would be using a hydraulic floor jack.

Instructions

1

Place the two wheel chocks against the front and rear of a tire (doesnt matter which one) on the opposite axle from which the Taurus is being lifted first (if raising both axles).

2

Place the block of wood on the cradle of the floor jack and align it beneath the rocker panel seam of the Ford Taurus (front or rear). The wood block will help prevent bending or damaging the rocker panel seam Turn the handle of the jack clockwise as far as it will go to activate the hydraulic lift.

3

Pump the handle to raise the cradle and block of wood, making sure the alignment of the wood and cradle is centered to the rocker panel seam before contacting it.

4

Continue to pump the jack handle until the corner of the Taurus is elevated high enough to allow the jack stand to be placed under it. For front axle, place the jack stand(s) under the front frame rail (about 10 inches in from the rocker panel seam) of the Taurus. Theres one frame rail each for drivers and passengers sides, but the rail only runs about half the length of the Ford Taurus, so using the rail for rear axle support is not an option. For the rear axle support, place the jack stand(s) near the jack under the rocker panel seam.

5

Turn the handle of the jack counterclockwise slowly to release the hydraulic tension on the jack and allow the Taurus to slowly lower and contact the arm of the jack stand. Be sure the alignment of the arm of the stand is located directly beneath the front frame rail or rear rocker panel seam respectively.

6

Repeat the procedure for the opposite side of the same axle using the jack and the block of wood. If lifting all four corners, lift the opposite axle and support it onto jack stands (one side at a time) after one axle is secured onto jack stands.

Casting numbers are a unique stamp on the engine parts to tell when a part was originally designed and what car it was originally designed for. This does not mean that the part was not used on other cars. Most casting numbers are stamped into the part itself; others have the number molded on the part. Some casting numbers can be ink-stamped while others are printed on paper, which is then wrapped around the part.

Instructions

1

Identify which type of Ford Falcon engine you have by looking in the owners manual. There are two casting types for this make of engine, the 221 and the 260.

2

Look near the rear of the engine block, under the intake manifold, for the casting number on a 221 engine. 221 casting numbers are: C2OE-6069-A, B, C, D OR E

C3OE-6069-A.

3

Locate the casting number for a 260 engine under the right side cylinder bank near the rear of the engine block. 260 casting numbers are: C2OE-6069-F, C3OE-6069-B, C4OE-6069-B.

The orifice tube on a Ford truck is a hard debris filter for the air conditioning system. If a component in the system fails, the orifice tube prevents the debris from the failure from spreading throughout the system.

Location

The orifice tube resides in the liquid line between the receiver/dryer and the evaporator. The liquid line brings rigerant into the evaporator, the component that removes heat from the air in the passenger compartment.

Purpose

The rigerant flows through the AC system, outward from the AC compressor, through the manifold hose, condenser, receiver/dryer and evaporator before returning to the compressor.

Purpose

When performing a full AC system inspection, after evacuating the system with a rigerant service machine, remove the orifice tube and visually inspect it. If you note any signs of debris in the line, the AC compressor is most likely coming apart inside and requires replacement.

The 1997 Jeep Grand Cherokee has two license plate bulbs in the rear. Theyre located on the hatch shelf directly above the license plate. The front license plate doesnt require illumination, so it has no bulbs. Rear license-plate illumination, on the other hand, is mandated by law in the United States. Lighting in the rear can be overlooked since its impossible for a driver to see the back of the vehicle when driving. The license plate bulbs come on when the headlight switch is turned on.

Instructions

1

Ensure that the headlight switch is off. If necessary, turn on the headlight switch to determine which license plate bulb is out (unless youre replacing both). Turn the switch back off after checking.

2

Raise your 1997 Grand Cherokees rear hatch.

3

Remove the retaining screw on the lens cover of the faulty license plate bulb, using the screwdriver. Each lens only has one screw; its on the inside edge of the lens.

4

Pull the lens downward from where the retaining screw was removed. There is a small tab on the other side of the lens that acts as a hinge and holds the other side of the lens in place.

5

Pull the spent bulb straight out of the socket. Push the replacement bulb into the socket and test the light before replacing the lens assembly. Ensure that the tab on the lens is seated inside the bulbs cavity when reassembling it.

The 1998 Chevy Silverado is built on the C/K General Motors truck platform. It is available in a number of cab configurations as well as in two-wheel drive, and four-wheel drive. All Silverados use center links to connect the steering knuckles on the front wheels. The center link uses tie rods with ball joints to connect to the steering knuckles so that it can flex with the truck. Over time the center link can break and need to be replaced.

Instructions

1

Park the truck on a level surface, in a location thats free of traffic where you have plenty of room to work around the front end. Place the truck in Park and pull the emergency brake before turning the truck off. Disconnect the black wire from the battery. Jack the front of the truck up with the car jack and lower the vehicle onto jack stands

2

Locate the center link that connects the two front steering knuckles. Use a wrench to loosen the tie rod on the right first. Unscrew the bottom cup joint by hand. Then unscrew the bottom cup joint from the left side of the center link. Pull the center link out from under the truck and use a rubber mallet to knock the cups off the balls on each end of the center link.

3

Knock the cup joints on to the balls on the new center link with the rubber mallet. Then lift the right side of the center link up and screw the right cup joint back into the tie rod by hand. Then, lift the left side and screw in the left cup joint by hand. Once the new center link is supported, use the wrench to tighten the tie rod cup joints.

4

Use the jack to lower the truck off of the jack stands. Have a friend watch the front wheels as you turn the steering wheel to make sure they both turn at the same rate. If not, then retighten the tie rods with a wrench.

The Ford F150 is a full size pickup truck manufactured by the Ford Motor Company for over six decades, with its 5.4-liter V8 engine known for reliability and durability. The exhaust manifold gasket is an important component of the engine as it prevents the toxic exhaust fumes from reaching the interior of your pickup, and it needs to be replaced if it fails. The installation of the new exhaust manifold gasket is a straightforward process that will take no more than four hours.

Instructions

1

Raise and support the vehicle on the hoist. On full wheel drive models, remove the front wheel opening molding. Remove the front fender splash shield.

2

Unscrew the bolt and disconnect the brake booster vacuum hose and bracket. Remove the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve-to-exhaust manifold tube. Disconnect the differential pressure feedback EGR sensor hoses. Detach the upper and lower EGR valve-to-exhaust manifold tube fittings.

3

Remove the nuts and the exhaust manifold. Remove and discard the old exhaust manifold gasket. Clean and inspect the exhaust manifold for damage and cracks.

4

Position the exhaust manifold gasket. Set in place the exhaust manifold and loosely install the nuts. Then tighten the nuts using the torque wrench. Apply 18 foot pounds of torque. Install the three-way catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold nuts. Connect the EGR valve-to-exhaust manifold tube. Tighten both fittings, starting at the top, in two stages. In the first stage hand tighten the fittings and then apply 30-44 foot pounds of torque.

5

Connect the differential pressure feedback EGR sensor hoses. Attach the brake booster vacuum hose, then bracket and tighten the nut, applying 89 inch pounds of torque. Install the front fender splash shield. On 4-by-4 vehicles, install the front wheel opening molding. Lower the vehicle.

The Ford Mustang is an American muscle car which has been in continuous production since 1964. The 1993 Mustang GT was the last year of the third generation Mustangs which began production in 1979. This model has an eight-cylinder 5.0-liter engine with multi-port fuel injection. Each cylinder has its own injector, which delivers fuel to the cylinder in a precise sequence. You can access the fuel injectors from the engine compartment, where they are located on top of the engine.

Instructions

1

Remove the cap on the fuel tank to relieve the pressure in the fuel tank. Attach fuel pressure gauge T80L-9974-A to the pressure relief valve on the fuel supply manifold. Open the pressure gauge to relieve the pressure in the fuel system.

2

Remove the upper intake manifold with a socket wrench. Disconnect the electrical wiring harness for the fuel injectors. Release the retaining clips for the fuel lines to the fuel supply manifold and disconnect the fuel lines.

3

Remove the retaining bolts for the fuel supply manifold and disconnect the fuel rail from the fuel injectors by lifting the fuel rail and gently rocking it back and forth. Disconnect the fuel injectors from the intake manifold in the same manner.

4

Remove the O-rings from the fuel injectors, and replace them if they show signs of damage. Lubricate the O-rings with engine oil and place them onto the new fuel injectors. Install the fuel rail and fuel injectors to the intake manifold. Ensure the O-rings are properly seated by pushing down on the fuel rail.

5

Tighten the retaining bolts for the fuel rail assembly to between 15 and 22 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Attach the fuel lines to the fuel supply manifold and attach the electrical wiring harness for the fuel injector. Install the upper intake manifold with a socket wrench. Start the engine and check for fuel leaks.